As your probably aware now if your a regular reader of my Blog you’ll know we adopted a dog just over a year and half ago called Blue, when we got Blue we’d never even heard of her breed let alone seen a dog look anything like her, we soon discovered that she was a rare-breed from Italy, a re-discovered breed called the Cane Corso that up until the early 1970′s could only be found it certain parts of Italy.
Anyway every so often I google the term Cane Corso to see what else I can find out about this wonderful breed and today I found a small piece that gives the basic history of the breed and thought I’d share it with you, so you can better understand what a wonderful proud princess of a dog we have.
The information below was written by R. Whitmore
On the battlefield it was defeated by the broad mouthed war dogs of the Britons, the Romans were suitably impressed and introduced large amounts of the British dogs into Rome. It is thought that these British dogs were bred with the Canis Pugnax to produce the bloodlines of the Cane Corso.
Over the years the Cane Corso has become to be known by many names. It is believed by some that it derives from the Latin for dog ‘Cane’ and ‘Corso’ which means to course or chase therefore being known as ‘the dog of chase’. Others argue that the name comes from the Greek ‘Kortos’ which translates to mean a property surrounded by a fence, another claims it is from the Latin ‘Cohors’ which means bodyguard. To confuse matters further local Italian dialects add the names Can’Curs, Cane-E-Presa and Can’ Guzzo in to the pot and not forgetting the Italian Mastiff.
Throughout history, texts about the Cane Corso can be found. In an ancient manuscript by an unknown author, who’s work is on display at the Alibrandi archive of Montopoli in Val d`Arno not far from Pisa. Is an account of the history of Montopoli from the origins up to the XVI century, it reads that the inhabitants of Montopoli (mons operis) where by tradition strong men, warriors, who were provided with Cane Corsos for their own defence and the defence of the lands and therefore became known as the corsari (corsairs). Their use is mentioned in 1137/8 AD at a siege in Monopoli di Sabina, near Rome, where they were starved and then let loose on the unfortunate inhabitants. We are informed by Giuseppe Chiecchi and Giorgio Gualtieri that the name Corso first appears in documentary evidence during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century. Italian baroque poet Giovanni Battista Marino (1569-1625) mentions the Cane Corso in his book “La Sampogna”. Bartolomeo Pinelli, Italian artist, of Dante’s Inferno fame sketched himself with his Cane Corso.
Down the ages the Cane Corso or CC has had many occupations. They have been employed as gladiators in the coliseum, drovers, butchers dogs; they were used to corner the animal for the slaughtering process and as insurance should the animal get free, you can imaging the ferocity of a bull in this situation, but a CC would prove more than a match for it and be able to quell it easily, protection of animals and humans alike in the setting of farms and pasture land, trained to run alongside carts and coaches to protect valuable cargoes, hunting wild animals such as Badger, Porcupine, Stag, Wild Boar and Bear and as an excellent protector of land, livestock and home which he continues to perform today in his homeland and all over the world. The distinctive bobbed ears and tail of a lot of the breed also comes from the CC’s history, these were cut off to prevent injury if they were caught in a fight with a Wolf or stray dogs. In the old days they would be cut off with shears and ash mixed with olive oil would be applied to help them to heal. With the disappearance of big game to hunt and the invention of firearms the Cane Corso was in danger of extinction especially after the Second World War. The Cane Corso could only be found in Puglia, Luciana and Sannio in Southern Italy.
I also found this little piece which again is all part of Blues breed history its about the recovery of the breed and is also by R Whitmore.
Due to the change in agricultural methods, the lack of big game to hunt and the change in hunting methods as well as the advent of the Second World War the Cane Corso was in danger of extinction as a breed. Only the efforts of enthusiastic Corso fanciers like Professor Balotta and Professor Giovanni Bonatti kept the Corso’s head above water.
Prof. Giovanni Bonatti was a much respected and revered zoologist and zoo-technician who in the 1950’s attention was caught by the plight of the breed. He had already written about the Corso in his book ‘Dogs of all Breed’ and published an article in The Sicilian Hunter in 1957 entitled ‘Breed to be Saved’. In 1973 he wrote to a friend (Dr Breber) on the subject of a short haired rustic Molosser in the southern Italian region of Puglia.
Nearly a year later in his home of Foggia Dr Breber came across these rustic Corsi at his local dog show. He was unsure that these dogs were the same rustic Molosser that his friend had written to him about, so he photographed the dogs and sent them to Prof. Bonatti for verification. Prof. Bonatti together with geneticist Dr Antonio Morsiani assured Dr Breber that these were indeed the same breed. In the late 1970’s Dr Breber read an article asking for information on a ‘medium-large Molossi named Cane Corso’, he published an article describing the dog he had come across in Foggia together with a short history of the use’s of the Cane Corso. He also went on to say that he himself had bred Cane Corso’s and had 19 puppies to date.
At the same time a travelling salesman named Vito Indiveri, who went on to establish Dyrium Kennels and become a driving force behind the recovery program, was travelling through remote areas of Sicily. He noted that the peasant farmers in these remote regions all owned Corso’s and they were all working dogs, they never sold the pups and there was always competition and jealousy between families that owned them. Due to this a lot of inbreeding occurred, but sometimes puppies were exchanged at local fairs introducing a much-needed new bloodline. In his own breeding he was ferment in his selection of stock and would often go to farm after farm to go back to the genealogy of these Molosser.
In 1979 Dr Breber received communication from Stefano Gandolfi, Giancarlo and Luciano Malavasi regarding the Cane Corso and in 1980 they met for the first time to see Dr Breber’s dogs. They together selected Dr Breber’s bitches Brina and Tipsi together with another bitch named Baback to breed with the selected males named Bulan, Basir and Aliot.
The resulting puppies were given to other enthusiasts who were like-minded to help with the breeding program. Prof. Casolino, Sig. Sereni and Dr. Gandolfi join with Dr Breber, Stefano Gandolfi and the Malavasi brothers in the recovery program and they go onto become the nucleus of the original founders of Corso breed club later.
On 18th October 1983 Dr Breber officially set’s down the core beliefs of recovery program and with the small group of Corso enthusiasts the Societa Amatori Cane Corso (SACC) is founded. On that day 12 Cane Corso’s were measured and documented to set down a breed standard.
In November 1985 the SACC were contacted by ENCI (Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana, Italian Kennel Club) and official contact took place between them. ENCI appoints 7 official judges who take over the judging at SACC shows.
Unfortunately in 1986 Dr Breber leaves the SACC of which he was a driving force and the breeding programs impudence moves from Dr Breber’s Bresir (son of Dauno and Tipsi) to Giancarlo Malavasi’s kennels in Mantova and his breeding stock.
Stafano Gandolfi, Gianantonio Sereni and Fernando Casolino largely took on the job of running the SACC. Due to Dr Breber’s departure it was decided the breeding program must move ahead at all cost. In 1986 SACC are made aware of 30 new subjects who add 11 new and much needed bloodlines to the recovery program. Meetings were held up and down the country to get together as many enthusiasts as possible as well as to increase the exposure of the breed. At these meetings many tests and measurements were taken, this lead to Dr Antonio Morisiani to edit the official standard and in 1987 it was ratified by ENCI.
In 1989 with ENCI approval the SACC open a ‘Libro Apperto’ (Open Book) to record adult Cane Corso subjects. These subjects must conform to the breed standard and were all tattooed, from 1989 to 1992 over 500 subjects are recorded. From 1992 with ENCI approval puppies born to Sires and Dams recorded in the Libro Apperto are also added to the book.
Mean while in 1990 the Cane Corso was shown to the FCI (Federation Cinologique Internationale) at the Verona, European Show, Italy were they where presented with the “Summary of the Morphological Characteristics†compiled by one of the 7 official judges appointed by ENCI Judge Morsiani. Judge Morsiani gave this document to the FCI Standard Commission in, namely English, German, French and Spanish (the 4 official languages used by FCI). 15 Corso’s were presented to the same panel on this day.
The SACC were contacted by the FCI after the show and were asked to research and identify the Cane Corso bloodlines included in the Libro Apperto. This was a thankless task that involved using a print out supplied by ENCI, the research must be carried out on all dogs from the first entered dog and their descendents and every card issued to register a litter.
SACC submitted their formal request to ENCI for the recognition of the Cane Corso in July 1992 as being indeed an indigenous breed of Italy. In September the following year nearly a 100 Corsi were shown to three of the ENCI appointed Judges (Bernini, Bonetti, and Vandoni) as final proof of their existence. Upon receiving very favourable reports from the Judges the ENCI accepted and ratified the SACC request to recognise the Cane Corso as the 14th Italian breed on 20th January 1994.
Later in the year, ENCI allow the Cane Corso to be shown in their exhibitions. For them to obtain the title of Campionato Sociale, an examination for HD (Hip Dysplasia) must have been carried out. This examination must be carried out and coordinated with the Italian Veterinary Association (AIVPA, Associazione Italiana Veterinari Piccoli Animali).
This was the springboard to set in motion a research program of the entire known Cane Corso population. This data together with data compiled by Professor Claudio Peruccio an expert on hereditary eye disorders at the University of Torino as well as the entire written practice of the breed’s recovery, the complete standard, historical description of the breed, results of analysis of anatomic designs with canine metrical proportions was presented to the FCI. All this was needed if the Corso was to get international recognition.
In May 1996, in the City of Arese in the Lombardy region of Italy, near Milan, the best Cane Corso to be found are gathered. It is agreed that Ch. Boris is to be selected as the model of the breed to be measured up to by Cane Corso’s across the world.
After satisfying the requirements for breed recognition set down by the FCI, the Cane Corso is accepted in December 1996 and officially recognized as the Cane Corso Italiano breed.
The SACC obtain permission from the ENCI to have a work attitude test, CAL-1, a pre-requisite if the title of Italian Champion and Social Champion is to be obtained on 1st January 1997.
In the rest of Europe the Cane Corso marches on as well, in 1990 litters are born in France and Germany. In 1999, 13 Corso’s gather in Britain at a seminar where some are presented for assessment. In Holland the CCCN, which has been operating since 1997, receives official recognition in August of 2000. The Corso is known in Denmark, Sweden, Russia, and the USA amongst many others.
References:
Cane Corso, Special Rare-Breed Ed, Emily Bates, 2005.
www.itacor.com.au
www.canecorsoitaliano.net
www.canecorso.org.uk
www.canecorso.org.
So as you can see Blues got alot of colourful and exciting history behind her breed and hopefully the breed will continue to have a colourful and interesting future.
The main thing about Blue to us though is not her history, but her wonderful temprement, we’ve never had the pleasure to meet such a wonderful dog as Blue before, she’s more then just a dog, she’s a fully fledged member of our family and I think she knows it
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